Pixel to App

People
Christoph Csallner
Don Dang
Sabrina Haque
Siva Natarajan Balasubramania
Soumik Mohian
Tony Tang
Tuan Anh Nguyen
Tuan Trinh
Code
Altify
D2S2 drag 'n' drop screen search
Doodle2App
PSDoodle search via partial screen doodle
REMAUI v2 reverse engineering mobile application user interfaces
WnD / TpD search via text + doodle
Data
DoodleUINet
Drawing interface used to collect DoodleUINet

Papers

Altify: Shift-left icon alt-text for mobile app developers. Proc. 23rd International Web for All Conference (W4A), 2026. (Figshare)
Altify builds on IconDesc to shift accessibility tasks to earlier in the app development workflow, by generating high-quality icon alt-text for both finished and partially-completed app screens.
D2S2: Drag 'n' drop mobile app screen search. Proc. 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE), Demonstrations Track, 2023. (GitHub, YouTube)
D2S2 is the first interactive drag-and-drop search engine for mobile app screenshots. D2S2 encodes text queries and the location, size, and icon type of the icons a user dragged on D2S2's UI. In a preliminary experiment D2S2 produced significantly more relevant search results than Google Image Search.
Searching mobile app screens via text + doodle. 2023. (GitHub)
TpD is the first interactive and iterative search system for mobile screens that incorporates both text and sketch input. TpD's source code, processing scripts, training data, and experimental results are freely available.
PSDoodle: Fast app screen search via partial screen doodle. Proc. 9th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft), 2022. (GitHub, YouTube: 90 seconds, 15 minutes)
Existing screen search tools are either keyword-based (Google Image Search) or require the user to produce a sketch of a complete screen. PSDoodle is the first tool to allow interactive screen search via interactive freehand sketching.
PSDoodle: Searching for app screens via interactive sketching. Proc. 9th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft), Tool Demos and Mobile Apps Track, 2022. (GitHub, YouTube: 90 seconds, 10 minutes)
This paper adds details on PSDoodle's architecture, deployment, and evaluation.
Doodle2App: Native app code by freehand UI sketching. Proc. 7th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft), Tool Demos and Mobile Apps Track, 2020. (GitHub, DoodleUINet data set, GitHub to collect DoodleUINet, slides)
We trained Doodle2App on thousands of (manually created) freehand sketches of 20 common Android UI elements. The resulting website allows users to sketch an Android screen. The website then converts the sketched screen to Android code that is ready to compile and run on stock Android phones. In technical terms: We pre-trained a classifier on 2 million Google "Quick, Draw!" sketches and retrained the classifier on thousands of sketches collected via Amazon Mechanical Turk. In some sense the resulting tool is a modern version of SILK ("Sketching Interfaces Like Krazy").
P2A: A tool for converting pixels to animated mobile application user interfaces. Proc. 5th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft), 2018. (slides)
P2A takes as input a set of screen design bitmaps (e.g., screenshots of an Android or iPhone app) and converts them to native app code (i.e., for Android), complete with inter-screen transitions and in-screen animations. P2A is implemented on top of REMAUI.
Reverse engineering mobile application user interfaces with REMAUI. Proc. 30th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), 2015. (slides, award)
When developing a mobile app (e.g., for Android or iOS), a graphic designer typically designs the app's screens and hands them to a programmer, who manually recreates the screen designs in source code. REMAUI is the first technique for automating this process end-to-end, from design drawings or screenshots to working UI code that can be compiled and run on a mobile device. Received an ACM SIGSOFT Distinguished Paper Award.